Current Affairs
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Demographic shift refers to a change in the composition of a population over time.
Main Reasons:
1. Changes in birth and death rates,
2. Migration patterns
3. changes in socio-economic conditions
Demographic dividend is a phenomenon that occurs when a country's population has a higher proportion of working-age adults.
Significance:
» India entered the demographic dividend opportunity window in 2005-06 and will remain there till 2055-56.
» India’s median age is markedly lower than that of the US(38) or China(39).
Challenges of Demographic Dividend:
» Low Female Labour Force Participation: As per Periodic Labour Force Survey 2020- 2021 only 25.1%.
» Environmental Degradation: due to India's rapid economic growth and urbanisation
» High Dropout Rate due to lack of trained teachers, poverty etc.
» Lack of Employment Opportunities
» Lack of Adequate Infrastructure makes it challenging for people particularly in rural areas to reap benefits of economic development.
» Brain Drain: Many of highly skilled Indians choose to leave the country in search of better job opportunities.
Demographic Dividend (UPSC)
